Lahaanshaha Ujeeddo Nolosha Waxay Kordhisaa Raaxada Kala Duwanaanshaha

Hal jiil hadda laga bilaabo, Shakhsiyaadka Caddaanka ah ee aan Isbaanishka ahayn ma sii ahaan doonaan aqlabiyadda dadka Mareykanka. In kasta oo Caddaanku sii wadi doono inuu ka koobnaado qowmiyadda kaliya ee ugu weyn, qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay (wadar ahaan) ayaa loo qoondeeyay inay si wadajir ah u gaaraan heerka aqlabiyadda marka la gaaro 2042. Maaddaama ay ka kooban tahay tirada dadka Mareykanka ay diyaar u tahay isbeddel, aqoonsiga arrimo nafsiyeed qaarkood oo awood u leh sii kordhinta raaxada leh kala duwanaanshaha waxay u badan tahay inay qiimayn doonto caawinta Caddaanka si ay ula qabsadaan bulsho aad u kala duwan.

Dareenka ujeedka nolosha ayaa si joogta ah loola xiriiriyey faa'iidooyin badan. Shakhsiyaadka leh dareen ujeeddo leh ayaa ku faraxsan ¹ , nidaamyadooda difaaca ayaa xoog badan ² , si dhakhso ah ayay uga bogsadaan qalliinka ³ , oo ay xitaa cimri dheer yihiin ⁴ . Hadda, daraasad cusub ⁵ oo ka kooban saddex tijaabo oo kala duwan, oo ay sameeyeen Anthony Burrow iyo Rachel Sumner oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Cornell, Patrick Hill oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carleton, oo aniga qudhaydu waxay muujisay in dadka ujeeddada lihi ay sidoo kale aad ugu qanacsan yihiin kala duwanaanshaha qowmiyadeed.

Tijaabadii ugu horraysay, 205 ka -qaybgalayaasha Caddaanka ah ayaa la weydiiyay inay ka jawaabaan su'aalaha ku saabsan tirakoobkooda, shakhsiyaddooda, niyadda hadda jirta, iyo sidoo kale taxane miisaaniyadeed oo la aasaasay oo loogu talagalay in lagu cabbiro labadooda dareen ujeeddo iyo raaxadooda kala duwanaanshaha qowmiyadeed. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in lahaanshaha heerar badan oo ujeedo nololeed ay la xiriirto dareemo raaxo leh kala duwanaanshaha qowmiyadeed, oo ka sarreysa oo ka baxsan saamaynta doorsoome kasta.

Tijaabadii labaad, 184 kaqeybgale Caddaan ah ayaa dhammaantood la tusay shaxan lagu calaamadeeyay “2015,” kaas oo si sax ah u muujinaya tirada dadka Mareykanka ee hadda ah 62% Caddaan iyo 38% dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Marka xigta, kala -badh ka -qaybgalayaasha ayaa la tusay jaantus dheeraad ah oo lagu calaamadeeyay “2050,” kaas oo dadka ku tilmaamay 57% Caddaan iyo 43% qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay (sidaas darteed, waxay ka tarjumaysaa aqlabiyadda caddaanka oo sii socota). Qeybtii kale ee kaqeybgalayaashu waxay arkeen jaantus “2050” oo kala duwan oo dadka ku tilmaamaya 53% qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay iyo 47% Caddaan (sidaas darteed, waxay ka tarjumaysaa in loo weecday dhanka qowmiyadda tirada badan). Sidii la filayay, kuwii arkay boqolleyda tirada badan ee qowmiyadda ayaa ka warramay dareenno hanjabaad oo ka weyn kuwii ay arkeen jaantusyada muujinaya aqlabiyadda caddaanka oo sii socota. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shakhsiyaadka daawaday jaantusyada muujiya tirada dadka qowmiyadda u badan, dareenka ujeedadu wuxuu la xiriiray fikradaha halista oo aad u yaraaday.

Tijaabadii ugu dambaysay, 130 kaqeybgale Caddaan ah ayaa la weydiiyay inay dhammaystiraan midkood qoraal kooban oo ku saabsan dareenkooda ujeeddo ama inay wax ka qoraan "maalin caadi ah." Ka-qaybgalayaashii ayaa markaa la tusay khariidado midabo leh oo leh magaalooyin leh laba heer oo kala duwan oo ka kooban qowmiyad (eeg hoos).

Kuwa wax ka qoray dareenkooda ujeedo waxay aad ugu dhowdahay inay u furnaadaan inay ka fikiraan ku noolaanshaha magaalada qowmiyadaha kala duwan marka loo eego kuwa wax ka qoray maalintooda caadiga ah.

Guud ahaan, natiijooyinka saddexda tijaabo ayaa caddaynaya cilmi -baaris hore oo ku saabsan saamaynta ujeeddada ee xaaladaha kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, daraasad la sameeyay 2013 ⁶ ayaa ka -qaybgalayaashu tareen raaceen meelo kala duwan oo Chicago ah. Shakhsiyaadka raacay tareenada oo ay la socdeen saami ka sarreeya shaqsiyaadka qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa soo sheegay heer sare oo walaac ah ⁷ . Hase yeeshee, shakhsiyaadka la faray inay wax ka qoraan dareenkooda ujeedka nolosha 10 daqiiqo ka hor intaanay raacin tareenka ayaa si aad ah u saamaysay cadaadisyada qowmiyadeed ee saaran tareenka.

Run ahaantii, cilmi -baarayaashu si weyn uma hubin farsamooyinka saxda ah ee salka ku haya doorka faa'iidada leh ee ujeeddada marka la eego kala duwanaanshaha qowmiyadeed. Hal mala -awaal ayaa tilmaamaya fikradda ah in shaqsiyaadka ujeeddada leh ay u jihaysan yihiin sidii ay ula xiriiri lahaayeen adduunka ballaaran ee ku xeeran. Jihaynta caalamiga ah ee noocan oo kale ah ayaa u oggolaan karta shakhsiyaadka inay fikrad ka qaataan waxa ay qaadanayso si ay ugu kobcaan xaaladda mustaqbalka loo dhan yahay oo kala duwan. Hase yeeshee, cilmi -baaris dheeraad ah ayaa si habboon loo baahan yahay si loo muujiyo doorka faa'iidada leh ee ujeeddada ee baaxadda kala duwanaanshaha qowmiyadeed.

Tixraacyo:

1. Bronk, K. C., Hill, P. L., Lapsley, D. K., Talib, N., & Finch, H. (2009). Ujeeddo, rajo, iyo qanacsanaanta nolosha ee saddexda kooxood ee da'da. Wargeyska Cilmi -nafsiga Wanaagsan, 4 , 500–510.

2. Fredrickson, B. L., Grewen, K. M., Coffey, K. A., Algoe, S. B., Firestine, A. M., Arevalo, J. M., ... & Cole, S. W. (2013). Aragtida hidde-wadaha guud ee samaqabka aadanaha. Talaabooyinka Akadeemiyada Qaranka ee Sayniska , 110 (33), 13684-13689.

3. Kim, E. S., Sun, J. K., Park, N., Kubzansky, LD, & Peterson, C. (2013). Ujeeddada nolosha iyo yareynta halista wadne-xannuunnada wadnaha ee dadka waawayn ee Mareykanka ee qaba wadne-xannuunka: dabagal laba sano ah. Wargeyska daawada dabeecadda , 36 (2), 124-133.

4. Hill, P. L., Turiano, NA (2014). Ujeeddada nolosha oo ah saadaaliyaha dhimashada inta ay qaan -gaarayaan. Cilmiga Maskaxda , 25.

5. Burrow, A. L., Stanley, M., Sumner, R., & Hill, P. L. (2014). Ujeedada Nolosha oo ah Ilaha Kordhinta Raaxada Kala Duwanaanshaha Qowmiyadeed. Buug -yaraha Shakhsiga iyo Bulshada , 40 (11), 1507-1516.

6. Burrow, A. L., & Hill, P. L. (2013). Ku kala duwanaaday kala duwanaanshaha? Ujeedadu waxay xannibaysaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya halabuurka qowmiyadaha ee tareenada iyo niyadda xun ee rakaabka. Buug -yaraha Shakhsiga iyo Bulshada , 39 (12), 1610-1619.

7. Si aad u eegto cadaadisyada kala duwanaanta, fiiri maqaalka Robert Putnam oo cinwaankiisu yahay “E Pluribus Unum: Kala duwanaanshaha iyo Bulshada Qarnigii labaatanaad Koowaad 2006 Johan Skytte Lecture Prize.”