Sheekooyinka Hantida

Mid ka mid ah su'aalaha ay inta badan ardaydaydu iyo warbaahintu isweydiiyaan ayaa ah in ka ganacsiga suuqa saamiyada uu yahay nooc khamaar oo dhab ah. Taasi waxay u ekaan kartaa su'aal fudud, laakiin waxay ku dhammaanaysaa qeexitaanka khamaarka aad isticmaaleyso. Aragtidayda ku aaddan khamaarka ayaa ah in ay hoos ugu dhaadhacdo lacag -dhimista (ama wax qiimo maaliyadeed) ku leh dhacdo mustaqbalka ah. Markii ugu horreysay ee aan bilaabay cilmi-baaristeyda khamaarka bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, waxaa jiray afar nooc oo khamaarka aasaasiga ah:

• Ciyaarta – Qaadashada lacagta inta lagu jiro ciyaarta (tusaale, mashiinnada godadka, roulette, blackjack, iwm.)

• Sharadka – Lacag -gelinta dhacdada mustaqbalka, sida caadiga ah dhacdooyinka isboortiga (tusaale sharadka tartanka fardaha, sharadka greyhound, sharadka kubbadda cagta, iwm.)

• Bakhtiyaa -nasiibka – Qaybinta lacagta ee saami ahaan (tusaale, Bakhtiyaanasiibka Qaranka)

• Mala -awaal - Lacag -gelinta suuqyada saamiyada (tusaale, maalgashiga saamiyada, ganacsiga maalinlaha ah, iwm.)

Xulashada ikhtiyaarka ikhtiyaariga ah, ikhtiyaar ikhtiyaari ah ama aan waxba ahayn ayaa bixin doona xaddi go'an oo lacag ah haddii ikhtiyaarka lagu kala iibsaday uu dhacayo lacagta dhexdeeda (tusaale ahaan, waa sharad fudud 'guul-lumis ama lumis' waxay bixisaa waa hubaal waana la yaqaan ka hor intaan la iibsan). Mid ka mid ah soojiidashada ikhtiyaarrada ikhtiyaariga ah ayaa ah in laga iibsan karo wax kasta oo maaliyadeed ah waxaana laga iibsan karaa jihooyinka kor iyo hoos labadaba ganacsiga. Fududaantu waxay u badan tahay inay soo jiidato dad badan gaar ahaan haddii ay dareemaan inay wax ka og yihiin badeecadda la kala iibsanayo. Tani waa sabab la mid ah sababta sharadka faafinta si aad u weyn u dhacay maxaa yeelay dadku waxay dareemayaan inay ka yaqaanaan suuqa (tusaale, kubbadda cagta) oo ay ku sharadanayaan, xitaa haddii ay jirto fursad weyn oo fursad ah (taas oo had iyo jeer jirta). Malahayga ayaa ah in dadka intooda badan ee ka shaqeeya suuqyada maaliyadeed aysan u arkin ikhtiyaarrada ikhtiyaariga ah fursad maalgashi - waxay u arkaan waxa run ahaantii ah - khamaar saafi ah.

Tixraacyo iyo akhris dheeraad ah

Griffiths, MD (1991). ‘Khamaarka iyo Mala -awaalka: Aragtida, Taariikhda, iyo Mustaqbalka qaar ka mid ah Go’aamada Aadanaha’ oo ay qoreen R. Brenner iyo GA Brenner. Wargeyska Cilmi -nafsiga Dhaqaalaha, 12, 197-201.

Griffiths, MD (1998). Khamaarka galay Millenium: Arrimaha walaaca iyo walaaca iman kara. Wararka GamCare , 3, 4.

Griffiths, MD (2000). Ganacsi maalmeed: Maandooriye kale oo suurtogal ah oo khamaar ah? Wararka GamCare , 8, 13-14.

Griffiths, MD (2006). Guudmarka khamaarka noolaha. In T. Plante (Ed.), Dhibaatooyinka Maskaxda ee Millennium -ka Cusub. Vol. I: Arrimaha Dhaqanka (bogga 73-98). New York: Greenwood.

Griffiths, MD (2007). Balwadda Khamaarka iyo Daaweynteeda NHS -ta dhexdeeda . London: Ururka Dhakhaatiirta Ingiriiska.

Griffiths, MD & Auer, M. (2013). Aan ku habboonayn nooca ciyaarta ee soo iibsiga, horumarinta iyo dayactirka khamaarka dhibaatada leh. Xuduudaha ee Cilmu -nafsiga , 3, 621. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00621.

Griffiths, MD (2013). Ganacsiga maaliyadeed oo ah nooc ka mid ah khamaarka. Xiriirka Ganacsiga I-Gaming, Abriil/Maajo, 40.