'Fayoobaanta-Xog-ogaalka': Aasaaska Tababbarka

Qanacsan

• Qodobbada muhiimka ah
• Dulucdeena Abtirsiimo
• Dulucda Awoowaheena Carruurta
• Nestedness ku soo kordhay
• Gunaanad

Qodobbada muhiimka ah

• Kobcinta fayoobaantu waa inay noqotaa yoolkayaga, oo kaliya inaan ka fogaanin dhaawacyada.
• Fahamka fayoobaanta bini -aadamka waxay u baahan tahay faham kala duwan oo ku saabsan shaqaynta iyo horumarka aadanaha.
• Fayo-qabka fayoobaantu waxay u baahan tahay in la fahmo noocyada-korinta ilmaha caadiga ah (buul la kobciyey).

Dhaqanka “war-ku-sheegga” wuxuu u malaynayaa inay suurtogal tahay in macaamiisha ama ardayda ama shaqaalaha la dhaawacay, sidaas darteedna, loo beddelo hab-dhaqankii machadka inay noqdaan kuwo maanka ku haya. Taa bedelkeeda, dhaqanka "fayoobaanta la wargeliyay" micnaheedu waa in la fahmo waxa caawiya carruurta iyo dadka waaweyn iyo kooxaha inay barwaaqoobaan. Hay'addu waxay ku dabaqdaa aqoontan dhaqamadeeda si kor loogu qaado nolosha shaqsiyaadka iyo kooxda. Maaddaama “fayoobaanta la wargeliyey” ay tahay fikrad cusub, waxaan u baahanahay xoogaa asal ah ka hor inta aan la aqoonsan oo laga doodin dhaqannada gaarka ah. Asalka guud waa diiradda halkan.

Markaan qaadno hab isku dhafan oo ku aaddan horumarka aadanaha iyo dabeecadda aadanaha, waxaan helnaa aasaaska dhaqannada xog-ogaalka ah. Maxaan baran karnaa?

• Sida dabeecadda bini -aadamku u noqon karto mid nabdoon marka loo eego khuraafaadka ku saabsan xiriirkii hore, oo ku saleysan taageerada bulshada iyo qiyamka (Fry, 2006, 2013; Fry et al., 2021).
• Dabacsanaanta firfircoon ee qaabeynta kooxda bulshada, inaanan ku socon waddo toosan oo aynaan ka baxsan karin (yacni, inaan ku laaban karno sinnaanta) (Graeber & Wengrow, 2018, 2021; Awood, 2019).
• Waxa loo baahan yahay si loo taageero xiriirka ixtiraamka leh, ee waara ee dunida dabiiciga ah.
• Waa maxay noocyada-caadiga u ah korinta dadka iskaashatada caafimaad qaba.
• Waa maxay nooc-bulshonimada iyo akhlaaqda caadiga ah.
• Maxaa caawiya dadka waaweyn inay barwaaqoobaan

Qoraalkan, waxaan ku baadhayaa aasaaska qiimaynta dariiqyada loo maro fayoobaanta-yacni, habdhaqanka xog-ogaalka. Qoraallada dambe, waxaan ku eegi doonaa waxbarashada fayoobaanta leh, qoyska, iyo nolosha shaqada.

Dulucdeena Abtirsiimo

Daraasado badan oo cilmiga cilmiga dadka ah ayaa diiradda saaray bulshooyinka aan warshadaha ahayn, iyagoo siinaya aragti ku saabsan 200,000 sano ee jiritaankeenna nooc ahaan, homo sapiens (Lee & Daly, 2005). Qaar ka mid ah bulshooyinka bini'aadamka ayaa jiray in ka badan 150,000 oo sano, sida San Bushmen (Suzman, 2017), oo xariijintiisa jeermiska ay la wadaagto dhammaan aadanaha jira (Henn et al., 2011). Sida Bushmen-ka, dadka badankoodu weligood waxay ku noolaayeen bulshooyinka ugaadhsatada ah. (Xusuusnow in ilbaxnimadu ay ku dhowdahay qayb ka mid ah aadanaha bilihii la soo dhaafay.)

Dib ugu noqoshada, isbarbar -dhigga cilmiga bulshada iyo ethology, iyada oo la adeegsanayo aaladaha neerfaha, ayaa na siiya aragtiyo malaayiin sano oo jiritaankeena hidde ah oo qayb ka ah xarriiqda naasleyda ee tobanaan milyan oo sano (tusaale ahaan, weli waxaan haysannaa baahiyaha naas -nuujinta bulshada . Panksepp, 1998; Spinka, Newberry & Bekoff, 2001)

Baahidayada xayawaanka waxaa ka mid ah nafaqayn iyo diirimaad laakiin baahiyahayaga naas -nuujinta bulshadu sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah taabasho kalgacal leh, ciyaar, isku xidhnaan ballaadhan, iyo taageerada bulshada (Carter & Porges, 2013; Champagne, 2014; Chevrud & Wolf, 2009). Daraasadaha cilmiga cilminafsiga ayaa ina tusaya in bini -aadam ahaan aan sidoo kale u korno sida ugu wanaagsan marka aan la wadaagno is -dhexgalka (“limbic resonance;” Lewis Amini & Lannon, 2001) dad waaweyn oo badan, marka lagu dhex milmo caadooyinka iyo sheekooyinka wadaagga ah iyo marka carruurtu baratay waxqabadyada dadka waaweyn (Hewlett & Wan, 2005; Hrdy, 2009; Sorenson, 1998; Weissner, 2014).

Hiddaha hidde -wadaha wuxuu ku qaatay 99% jiritaankiisa - 95% noocyadayaga, homo sapiens - oo ku jira guutooyin quudinta (Fry, 2006). Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa in jidhkeenna iyo maskaxdeennu ay kobciyeen oo la jaanqaadeen macnaha guud ee awoowayaasha, oo loo yaqaan bay'ada la qabsiga isbeddelka (Bowlby, 1969). Meesha ay u muuqato inay ugu muhimsan tahay ladnaanta muddada-dheer waa carruurnimada hore.

Dulucda Awoowaheena Carruurta

U fiirsashada macnaha guud ee aadanaha ee carruurta waxaa markii ugu horreysay soo sawiray John Bowlby (1969) intii lagu jiray 1950 -meeyadii. Wuxuu xusay in fikradaha caadiga ah ee ku saabsan koritaanka ilmaha ee ay bixiyeen habdhaqanka iyo Freudian psychoanalysis waqtigaas aysan sharrixi karin falcelinta ba'an ee carruurta iyo agoonta qoysku kala tagay intii lagu jiray iyo kadib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Isaga oo adeegsanaya hab dhaqan, wuxuu ogaaday in carruurtu waalidkood uga baahan yihiin diirimaad, hoy, iyo cunto. Sida naasleyda kale ee badan, carruurtu waxay “u qaabeeyeen” inay ku xidhmaan daryeel -bixiyeyaasha wax -qabadka leh inta lagu jiro xilliga xasaasiga ah hore waxayna la kulmaan markay kala tagaan. Bowlby wuxuu kaloo xusey nidaamka ku -xirnaanta daryeelaha kaasoo fududeynaya kobcinta xannaanada carruurta wuxuuna ka dhigayaa mid lagu farxo (Bowlby, 1969). Waalidnimada Naasleydu waa wax! (Krasnegor, & Buundooyinka, 2010).

Inkasta oo dhammaan naasleyda bulsheed ay u nugul yihiin natiijooyin liita oo ka yimaadda barbaarinta liidata, haddana carruurta bani'aadamka ayaa si gaar ah u nugul. Carruurta marka ay dhashaan waxay ku dhashaan kaliya 25% mugga maskaxda dadka waaweyn; Maskaxdu waxay labanlaabmaysaa cabbirkeeda labadii sano ee ugu horreeyey iyada oo leh daryeel daryeel, halka cabbirka iyo shaqada maskaxdu aanay ku weyneyn baaxadda ama kakanaanta dayacaad (Perry et al., 1995). Carruurtu waxay u eg yihiin uurjiifka xayawaanka kale ilaa ku dhawaad ​​18 bilood oo ah da'da dhalmada ka dib, taasoo la micno ah inay haystaan ​​wax badan oo ay ku koraan oo is-abaabulaan oo ku salaysan waayo-aragnimada jir-bulsho.

Iyada oo la raacayo cilmi-baaris ku-xirnaanta cunugga, waxaan hadda ognahay in nidaamyada maskaxda badan ay saameyn ku yeeshaan waayo-aragnimada hore ee daryeel-bixiyeyaasha, sidaa darteed saameynta khibradda hore waxay leedahay cawaaqib-xumo neurobiological-dheer (Schore, 2019). Tusaale ahaan, hemisphere -ka midig ee maskaxda ayaa loo qorsheeyay inuu si dhakhso leh u kobco sannadaha ugu horreeya ee nolosha oo leh daryeel kobcin ah. Daryeel -hoosaadku wuxuu kobciyaa cirifka midig oo laga yaabo inuu sababo dhibaatooyin caafimaad maskaxeed oo dambe.

Maskaxda labka ah waxaa aad u saameeya daryeelka hoostiisa sababtoo ah adkeysi yar oo dhisme ah iyo qaangaar gaabis ah marka loo eego maskaxda dumarka (Schore, 2017). Waxay u baahan yihiin barbaarin dheeraad ah laakiin waxaan siinnaa wax ka yar, taas oo ka dhigaysa inay ku tiirsanaadaan nidaamyo hore oo asal ah oo xukun/soo gudbin ah. Markay qaangaadhaan way adag yihiin sababta oo ah horumarka maskaxeed ee saxda ah, sida ay xuseen dhakhaatiirta cilminafsiga (Tweedy, 2021).

Nestedness ku soo kordhay

Deeqda waxbarasho ee dhaqamada warshadaha leh ayaa sida caadiga ah leh aragti cidhiidhi ah oo ku saabsan shakhsiyadda, sidaa darteed cidhiidhi ah in falsafaduhu xitaa ka fikiraan sida ilmuhu u ahaan lahaa jasiirad keliya. Qof kasta oo yaqaana taariikhdii hore ee bini -aadamka waxay u arki lahayd su'aashaas mid lagu qoslo. Ma jiro ilmo aan hooyo lahayn ama kobcaya dyad-hooyo-ilmo oo aan lahayn taageerada bulshada, maaddaama taageerada hooyadu ay wax weyn ka beddesho sida ilmuhu u soo baxo (Hrdy, 2009; Hawkes, O'Connell, & Blurton-Jones, 1989). Ilmuhu aad buu u baahan yahay oo wuxuu qaadanayaa dhowr qof oo qaangaar ah oo dareen leh si ilmuhu u dareemo in la taageero. Buulkii horumaray wuxuu bixiyaa kaalmo ku habboon dhammaan jidka horumarka, oo la jaanqaada waddada koriinka ee ilmaha.

Gunaanad

Jihaynta xog-ogaalka ah ayaa nagu kallifaysa inaan fahanno baahiyaha asaasiga ah ee noocyadayaga iyo sida loola kulmo iyo sida kulankoodu u eg yahay (Gowdy, 1998). Iyada oo loo marayo shaqo isku-dhafan, waxaan ku barannaa saamaynta baahiyaha gaarka ah ama dhaqamadu ay ku leeyihiin horumarka aadanaha iyo samaqabka. Aragtida noocan ahi waxay naga caawisaa inaan garto waxa kor u qaadaya fayoobaanta ama aan ahayn dunida maanta. Tani waxay noo oggolaanaysaa inaan si miyir-qab ah u dooranno gundhigyada wanaagga oo aan qaadanno dhaqannada kobciya wanaagga, oo aan ku baari doonno qoraallada dambe.

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