Sidee Hal -abuurka Unugga Stem u leeyahay Cilmi -baaris Naas -nuujineed oo Sare

Mid ka mid ah qodobbada qallafsan ee barashada maskaxda bini'aadamka ayaa leh awood ay ku sameeyaan cilmi -baaris ku saabsan unugyada maskaxda aadanaha ee shaqaynaya. Natiijo ahaan, daraasado badan oo cilmiyeysan ayaa lagu sameeyaa jiirka oo ah wakiil naasley ah. Dib u dhaca habkan ayaa ah in maskaxda jiirka ay ku kala duwan yihiin qaab dhismeedka iyo shaqada. Sida laga soo xigtay Johns Hopkins, qaab -dhismeed ahaan, maskaxda bini -aadamku waa qiyaastii boqolkiiba 30 neuroon iyo 70 boqolkiiba glia, halka maskaxda jiirku ay leedahay saamiga ka soo horjeeda [1]. Baarayaasha MIT waxay ogaadeen in dendrites of neurons -ka aadanaha ay wataan astaamaha korantada si ka duwan neerfayaasha jiirka [2]. Beddel cusub oo cusub ayaa ah in la kobciyo unugyada maskaxda aadanaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyadda unugyada unugyada.

Unugyada jirridu waa unugyo aan la aqoon oo dhaliya unugyo kala duwan. Waa daahitaan dhowaan la sameeyay oo soo jiray ilaa 80 -meeyadii. Unugyada stem embryonic stem waxaa markii ugu horreysay laga helay 1981 Sir Martin Evans oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Cardiff, UK, ka dibna Jaamacadda Cambridge, oo ah Abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee daawada [3].

Sannadkii 1998 -kii, unugyo asliga ah oo ka soo go'ay unugyada bini -aadamka ayaa lagu beeray shaybaar James Thomson oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Wisconsin ee Madison iyo John Gearhart oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Johns Hopkins ee Baltimore [4].

Siddeed sano ka dib, Shinya Yamanaka oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Kyoto ee Japan ayaa daah -furtay hab lagu beddelo unugyada maqaarka ee jiirarka oo loo beddelo unugyo asluub ​​leh oo la adeegsanayo fayras si loo soo bandhigo afar hidde -side [5]. Unugyada asliga ah ee Pluripotent waxay awood u leeyihiin inay u koraan noocyo kale oo unugyo ah. Yamanaka, oo uu weheliyo John B. Gurdon, wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee Fiisigiska ama Daawada 2012 si loo ogaado in unugyada qaangaarka ah dib loo habeyn karo si ay u noqdaan kuwo waxqabad leh [6]. Fikraddan waxaa loo yaqaannaa unugyada asliga ah ee wax -ku -oolka ah, ama iPSCs.

Sannadkii 2013, koox cilmi-baarayaal reer Yurub ah oo saynisyahanno ah, oo ay hoggaaminayeen Madeline Lancaster iyo Juergen Knoblich, waxay soo saareen organoid cerebral saddex-cabbir ah (3D) iyadoo la adeegsanayo unugyada asliga ah ee dadka oo “koray ilaa afar milimitir oo cabbir ah oo noolaan kara ilaa 10 bilood . [7]. ” Tani waxay ahayd horumar weyn maadaama moodelladii hore ee neuron -ka lagu beeray 2D.

Dhawaanahan, bishii Oktoobar 2018, koox saynisyahanno ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Tufts ayaa koray qaab 3D ah oo ah unugyada maskaxda bini-aadamka oo muujiyey dhaqdhaqaaq neerfaha oo isdaba-joog ah ugu yaraan sagaal bilood. Daraasadda waxaa la daabacay Oktoobar 2018 gudaha ACS Biomaterials Sayniska & Injineerinka, oo ah joornaal ka tirsan Ururka Kiimikada Mareykanka [8].

Laga soo bilaabo daahfurka hore ee unugyada asliga ah ee jiirarka si ay u koraan qaababka shabakadaha neerfaha ee 3D ee ka imanaya unugyada asliga ah ee wax -garadka ah in ka yar 40 sano, xawaaraha horumarka sayniska ayaa ahaa mid ballaadhan. Qaababka unugyada maskaxda ee 3D ee 3D ayaa laga yaabaa inay gacan ka geystaan ​​cilmi -baaris hore si loo ogaado daaweynta cusub ee Alzheimer, Parkinson's, Huntington's, dystrophy muruqa, suuxdinta, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ALS ama Lou Gehrig's disease), iyo cudurro kale oo badan iyo jirrooyinka maskaxda. Aaladaha cilmiga neerfayaasha u adeegsada cilmi -baarista ayaa ku kobcaya qaab -dhismeedka, iyo unugyada asliga ah ayaa kaalin muhiim ah ka qaata dardargelinta horumarka si ay uga faa'iidaystaan ​​aadanaha.

Xuquuqda daabacaadda © 2018 Cami Rosso Xuquuqda daabacaadu way xifdisan.

2. Rosso, Cami. "Waa maxay sababta Maskaxda Bani'aadamku u muujiso Sirdoonka Sare?" Cilmi -nafsiga Maanta. Oktoobar 19, 2018.

3. Jaamacadda Cardiff. "Sir Martin Evans, Nobel Prize ee Daawada." Laga soo ceshaday 23 Oktoobar 2018 http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Aragtida Wadnaha. "Jadwalka Waqtiga Stem." 2015 Abriil-Juun. Laga soo ceshaday 10-23-2018 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. Scudellari, Megan. "Sida unugyada iPS ay adduunka u beddeleen." Dabeecadda. 15 Juunyo 2016.

6. Abaalmarinta Nobel (2012-10-08). “Abaalmarinta Nobel ee Fiisigiska ama Daawada 2012 [Warsaxaafadeed]. Laga soo ceshaday 23 Oktoobar 2018 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. Rojahn, Susan Young. "Saynisyahannadu waxay Koraan 3-D Cadka Maskaxda Aadanaha." Dib -u -eegista Farsamada MIT. Agoosto 28, 2013.

1. Cantley, William L .; Du, Chuang; Lomoio, Selene; DePalma, Thomas; Peirent, Emily; Kleinknecht, Dominic; Hunter, Martin; Tang-Schomer, Min D .; Tesco, Giuseppina; Kaplan, David L. ” Qaababka Shabakadda Neural -ka Aadanaha ee 3D ee Shaqaynaya oo Joogto ah oo ka socda Unugyada Jirrada ee Pluripotent. ”ACS Biomaterials Sayniska & Injineerinka, oo ah joornaal ka tirsan Ururka Kiimikada Mareykanka. Oktoobar 1, 2018.